分类 cmd 下的文章

linux

# linux
ln -s 源路径 新路径
# 在目标目录中创建src软链到源src目录,名字如果不一致需要二次修改软链名称
ln -s /data/code/typecho_blog/src /data/www.wuloves.com
# 在目标目录中创建test软链到源src目录
ln -s /data/code/typecho_blog/src/ /data/www.wuloves.com/test


查看系统里面的git公钥
cat  ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

window

# window
mklink /d 新路径 源路径
# 在新路径中创建名为blog的挂载目录软链到源src目录, blog后面有没有\ 效果都一样
mklink /d D:\www\blog\ D:\code\typecho_blog\src\

MySQL查询优化(分段查询优化索引的使用)

[toc]

实验环境

表名称记录数
live_user_join_room8376813

测试表的创建语句

CREATE TABLE `live_user_join_room` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `uid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `room_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '直播间id',
  `is_out` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '0 未退出 1 已退出',
  `time` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '时间',
  `course_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程 id',
  `source` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '来源',
  `source_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '来源ID',
  `created_by` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '创建者',
  `updated_by` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '更新者',
  `created_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间',
  `updated_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间',
  `deleted_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '删除时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `a` (`uid`,`room_id`,`course_id`),
  KEY `b` (`room_id`,`uid`),
  KEY `created_at` (`created_at`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8376813 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC COMMENT='用户加入房间'

IN条件结果数量 1920 条记录

查询索引

SHOW KEYS FROM `test`.`live_user_join_room`; 
TableNon_uniqueKey_nameSeq_in_indexColumn_nameCollationCardinalitySub_partPackedNullIndex_typeCommentIndex_commentVisible
live_user_join_room0PRIMARY1idA7705019(NULL)(NULL) BTREE YES
live_user_join_room1a1uidA253274(NULL)(NULL)YESBTREE YES
live_user_join_room1a2room_idA2121308(NULL)(NULL)YESBTREE YES
live_user_join_room1a3course_idA1958726(NULL)(NULL)YESBTREE YES
live_user_join_room1b1room_idA12046(NULL)(NULL)YESBTREE YES
live_user_join_room1b2uidA2339853(NULL)(NULL)YESBTREE YES
live_user_join_room1created_at1created_atA6517174(NULL)(NULL) BTREE YES

优化前的sql, 平均查询用时 8.36s 左右

SELECT uid,COUNT(DISTINCT(room_id)) AS num FROM `live_user_join_room` FORCE INDEX(`created_at`)
WHERE room_id IN (
    SELECT id FROM live_im_rooms WHERE pid=1 AND room_status!=5 AND room_status!=6
    AND course_id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM courses WHERE pid=1 AND `type`=1 AND price=0)
)
AND created_at>'2020-11-07'
GROUP BY uid

优化前的explain的结果

idselect_typetablepartitionstypepossible_keyskeykey_lenrefrowsfilteredExtra
1PRIMARYlive_user_join_room(NULL)rangea,b,created_atcreated_at4(NULL)2143928100.00Using index condition; Using where; Using MRR; Using filesort
1PRIMARYlive_im_rooms(NULL)eq_refPRIMARYPRIMARY4test.live_user_join_room.room_id18.10Using where
3SUBQUERYcourses(NULL)refPRIMARY,pid_class_idpid_class_id4const3201.00Using where

优化后的sql, 平均查询用时 0.572s 左右

SELECT uid,COUNT(DISTINCT(room_id)) AS num FROM `live_user_join_room` USE INDEX(a)
WHERE room_id IN (
    SELECT id FROM live_im_rooms WHERE pid=1 AND room_status!=5 AND room_status!=6
    AND course_id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM courses WHERE pid=1 AND `type`=1 AND price=0)
)
AND id>(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `live_user_join_room` WHERE created_at>'2020-11-07')
GROUP BY uid

explain的结果

idselect_typetablepartitionstypepossible_keyskeykey_lenrefrowsfilteredExtra
1PRIMARYlive_user_join_room(NULL)indexa,ba19(NULL)770545133.33Using where; Using index
1PRIMARYlive_im_rooms(NULL)eq_refPRIMARYPRIMARY4test.live_user_join_room.room_id18.10Using where
4SUBQUERYlive_user_join_room(NULL)rangecreated_atcreated_at4(NULL)2143928100.00Using where; Using index
3SUBQUERYcourses(NULL)refPRIMARY,pid_class_idpid_class_id4const3201.00Using where

差异的原因个人理解为

MySQL 每次查询只能使用一个索引, 优化后的sql虽然扫描行数多, 但是消除了 Using filesort , 解决了慢查询的问题

实际测试, 如果同一个端口有多个配置时, 和 ServerName 值无关, 如果请求进来的 ServerName 没有配置到, 按靠前加载的第一条虚拟主机设置配置为准, 不管 ServerName 名字是啥, 也不管里面的访问的域名是否在host中有配置, 都没有关系

#!/bin/bash
hyperf_code=message,shortname,tt_user,user,forum,im,community,,,tt_common,report,course
hyperf_code=(${hyperf_code//,/ })
for var in ${hyperf_code[@]}
do
   echo $var
done 
exit

  • NOT IN 目标查询包含null的问题
select id from aa where id not in (select union_key from bb)
如果id为bb中的union_key不存在的值, 那么就应该可以正常数据, 但是, 但是
如果union_key包含null, 则这个查询永远没有结果了
  • 视图关联的账户如果需要禁用数据库的权限, 可能需要下面的语句修改视图关联的账户, 注意: 阿里云的RDS需要修改为合适的且有所有数据库读写权限的账户,因为视图归属需要对应的视图写权限和查询的读取权限
SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA AS '库',TABLE_NAME AS '视图名',DEFINER AS '所属账户',CONCAT("alter DEFINER=`root`@`%` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW ",TABLE_SCHEMA,".",TABLE_NAME," as ",VIEW_DEFINITION,";") AS '修复语句' FROM information_schema.VIEWS 
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA!='sys' AND TABLE_SCHEMA!='mysql' AND DEFINER!='root@%';